Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampal formation is a prominent cshaped structure bulging in the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. This chapter outlines the anatomy of the hippocampal formation, beginning with issues of nomenclature and definition. The amygdala is part of the limbic system, amygdala, region of the brain primarily associated with the processing of memory, decisionmaking, and emotional responses. The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. The amygdala is one of two almondlike shapes of nuclei positioned deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain, just anterior to the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a horseshoe shaped structure, with an arching band of nerve fibers fornix connecting the hippocampal structures. There was no significant between group differences in whole brain volume. Cornu ammonis hippocampus proper and dentate gyrus. Hippocampal function, anatomy and physiology as it relates to schizophrenia. Anatomic moment hippocampal anatomy and pathologic. The hippocampus is also called ammons horn because the two hippocampi bend around in the form of the horns of a ram.
Specifically, small imaging abnormalities may cause major symptoms. Nevertheless, hippocampus anatomy is complex, due to a deep location, and a complex structure. Here is a neural landscape, alluring in its intricacy and beauty, not only to the anatomist on histological section, but. The dorsal fornix which runs close to the midline beneath the corpus callosum is not shown in. Hippocampal anatomy and hippocampal sclerosis neupsy key. Microsurgical anatomy of the hippocampal arteries in. It is a limbic system structure that is particularly important in forming new memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. Hippocampal anatomy and hippocampal sclerosis imad najm henri duvernoy stephan schuele hippocampal anatomy because the hippocampal formation is frequently involved in patients with focal epilepsy, a thorough knowledge of this structure and its connections is critical to an understanding of the pathology and clinical semiology of temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal disease. However, the healthy function of the hippocampus can be affected by.
Both of these parts are separated by hippocampal sulcus and curve into each other. It has a distinctive, curved shape that has been likened to the seahorse monster of greek mythology and the rams horns of amun in egyptian mythology. The hippocampal formation is an important component of the limbic system, along with the amygdala and septal area although some also include the cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex as part of this system. It has a head posterior to the amygdala, a body, and a tail which follows the upwardly curving lateral ventricle although there is a lack of consensus relating to. Increasing knowledge of the avian hippocampal formation hippocampus and parahippocampal area suggests that it plays a role in a variety of behaviors, such as homing, cache retrieving, visual discrimination, imprinting, and sexual behavior. The general function of the hippocampus is to encode new information or memories, without it we wouldnt be able to learn. In this lateral view of the human brain, the frontal lobe is at left. Hippocampus, region of the brain that is associated primarily with memory. The role of the hippocampus in relational declarative memory. The hippocampus is an anatomical subdivision of the brain. Measuring size and shape of the hippocampus in mr images. It compares and contrasts the picture of hippocampal anatomy obtained from studies of the rat with that of the monkey. The hippocampus proper can clearly be divided into two major regions, a largecelled proximal region and a smallercelled distal region. Ammon was an egyptian god, near whose temple ammonia or the salt of ammon was prepared.
Hippocampal physiology, structure and function and the. Before we discuss these various features of hippocampal. Hippocampus seahorse curved shape which resembles a shape of a seahorse. Pdf the hippocampus is a complex and fascinating region of the brain that has enormous clinical significance. This general layout holds across the full range of mammalian species, from hedgehog to human. An anatomical study of the vascularization of the hippocampus was performed on 30 hemispheres. There were a total of 140 arteries supplying the hippocampi, for an average of 4. The second section chapter 4 is a description of the anatomy of the hippocampus and adjacent structures. The anatomy of the hippocampus is relatively complex, but a few rules may help for surgical practice. Also, there is evidence that the hippocampus plays a role in finding. Introduction the hippocampus has been a source of fascination from the very origins of neuroscience as a modern discipline.
The third section chapter 5 is devoted to the vascularization of the hippocampus. The hippocampus lies in the hippocampal sulcus immediately below the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, and in cross section coronal has appearances that are reminiscent of a seahorse. The hippocampus is one of several brain regions that together comprise the hippocampal formation. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that plays a key role in memory and how knowledge is obtained. Exploring the function of the hippocampus by anatomy the. In this didactic paper, we propose a description of the hippocampus that should help neurosurgeons to feel at ease in this region.
Hippocampal anatomy1214 hippocampus contains two parts. Nisslstained coronal section of the brain of a macaque. We believe that the detection of these lesions will be improved if imaging clinicians have an organized reference that facilitates identification of the cellular zones that comprise the hippocampus. Anatomy of parts that defines hippocampal function. Hippocampectomy is an efficient procedure for medial temporal lobe epilepsy. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from shortterm memory to longterm memory, and in spatial memory that. The hippocampus is a complex and fascinating region of the brain that has enormous clinical significance. The complexity of this phylogenetically ancient structure, at both the gross and cellular level, has encouraged study by generations of anatomists. Hippocampus anatomy describes the physical aspects and properties of the hippocampus, a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. In this chapter, the term hippocampal formation refers to the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex. Anatomy and aging of the amygdala and hippocampus in. The other regions that together comprise the hippocampal formation consist of the dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the entorhinal cortex.
The purpose of this anatomic moment is to highlight the appearance of the hippocampus. We compared differences in anatomy before, and after, correcting for whole brain size. Anatomy of hippocampus radiology linkedin slideshare. The hippocampus is a small gm structure that is adjacent to other gm structures e.
The full text of this article is available in pdf format. March 22, 2020 the hippocampal formation is an important component of the limbic system, along with the amygdala and septal area although some also include the cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex as part of this system. Hippocampal anatomy and pathologic alterations on conventional mr images leighton p. The name hippocampus is derived from the greek hippokampus hippos, meaning horse, and kampos, meaning sea monster, since the structures shape resembles that of a sea horse. Normal anatomy and pathology article pdf available in american journal of roentgenology 1714. This chapter provides an abundant display of gross hippocampal anatomy with related diagrams as needed. The hippocampus proper consists of three major subfields ca1ca3.
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